| Public hospitals face reform pressure, performance assessment hard to balance |
| Private hospitals have weak brands, difficult customer acquisition, limited medical insurance |
| Internet healthcare has expensive traffic, difficult monetization, high compliance risks |
| Pharmaceutical companies face long R&D cycles and high costs for innovative drugs |
| Medical device domestic substitution is slow, high technical barriers |
| Chain pharmacies face severe homogenization, declining profit margins |
| Health management services are hard to standardize, low user stickiness |
| Severe medical data silos, difficult interoperability |
| AI diagnosis implementation is difficult, low physician acceptance |
| Cross-border medical services have complex processes, low trust |